<span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5"><div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5">2.</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5">三代时期</font><span lang="EN-US">
<p><font size="5"></font></p></span></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5"> 三代的手工业较之原始社会时期已经有了显著的进步,人们的审美意识亦随着生产力的发展而日益浓厚,这就为发型与发饰的发展奠定了物质基础。</font><span lang="EN-US">
<p><font size="5"></font></p></span></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5"> 笄是商代最常用的发饰。笄早在新时器时代就有,按材质不同可分为骨笄、蚌笄、玉笄、铜笄等,用来固定发髻。妇女双用发笄,将之斜插于发髻两旁。笄的形式多样,有的雕成双鸟,状如鸳鸯。商代的妇女有梳双鸡双髻的习俗,是为吉祥的象征。河南安阳殷墟妇好墓出土了一对玉人,即为商代笄饰之男女,他们所梳的发型就是双鸡双髻。</font><span lang="EN-US">
<p><font size="5"></font></p></span></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5"> 周代的妇女大都蓄发,将头发挽成髻鬟,用笄以贯之。河南光山出土了一座春秋墓葬,中有墓主人孟姬的发髻,髻上斜插有两根木笄。</font><span lang="EN-US">
<p><font size="5"></font></p></span></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5"> 周代的妇女还有梳高髻的习俗。传说周文王被纣王软禁时,还念念不忘再三嘱咐妇女要梳高髻戴翠翘,名为凤髻。武王建立周朝,推行礼制,规定妇女的髻式和装饰品。《周礼<span lang="EN-US">?</span>天官》载:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>追师掌王后之首服,为副、编、次、追、衡、笄。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>这里的副、编、次是妇女头上的发饰,而追、衡、笄则是妇女发饰上的饰物。周代的皇太后梳大首髻,插戴多种珠宝、花朵、龙凤等。用真发梳成的髻承受不了如此丰富的头饰,于是以金属材料做成的假髻便出现了。</font><span lang="EN-US">
<p><font size="5"></font></p></span></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5">春秋时,出现了以假发梳起高髻以求美的风气。这种假发称作<span lang="EN-US">“</span>髢<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。《左传<span lang="EN-US">?</span>哀公十七年》记载了这样一个故事:卫庄公见吕氏之妻的长发很美,就令其剪下长发,给他的夫人吕姜制成假发,称为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>吕姜髢<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。</font><span lang="EN-US">
<p><font size="5"></font></p></span></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5"> 战国时期,妇女的发髻往往向后倾,近似后世的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>银锭式<span lang="EN-US">”</span>或<span lang="EN-US">“</span>马鞍翅<span lang="EN-US">”</span>式样。下图为<span lang="EN-US">1949</span>年<span lang="EN-US">2</span>月在湖南省长沙市陈家大山楚墓出土的《龙凤仕女图》,画的主题是祈求飞腾的龙凤</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font size="5"> </font>
<p><font size="5"></font></p></span></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><table class="MsoNormalTable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left" border="0" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-table-lspace: 2.25pt; mso-table-rspace: 2.25pt; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-left: left; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><table class="MsoNormalTable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="MARGIN: auto auto auto 3pt; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><table class="MsoNormalTable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left" border="0" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-table-lspace: 2.25pt; mso-table-rspace: 2.25pt; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-left: left; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 2.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><font size="5"></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><script src="http://image2.sina.com.cn/home/sinaflash.js" type="text/javascript"></script><p><font size="5"></font></p></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 3.75pt 0cm 3pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 2.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><font size="5"></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font size="5"></font></p></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 2.25pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><font size="5"></font><span lang="EN-US" style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hide: all;"><p><font size="5"></font></p></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5">引导墓主人的灵魂早日登天升仙。画中妇女的发髻向后倾,是战国时期妇女发髻的典型式样。</font><span lang="EN-US">
<p><font size="5"></font></p></span></span></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="5"> 有人认为,自战国到西汉末年,这种发髻的式样和位置相差无几。</font></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p></p></font></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 170%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>
[此贴子已经被清风于2008-3-11 19:13:18编辑过]
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