花，花

严世农 · 发表于 2012-1-5 20:53

Chinese Export Silver 1785-1885, page 4

"metal work made in China by native craftsman, of silver and silver gilt, using traditional Chinese techniques, but briefly following Western forms, for export to the West during the period of trading voyages chiefly by sail"

The Chait Collection of CES, page 9

"gold or silver wrought in China by native craftsmen using their own traditional techniques, more or less according to non-Chinese specifications, for export, for foreign residents, and at least primarily for non-Chinese use"

老土的翻译休假还没回来，我有点抓瞎了。{:soso_e150:}

严世农 · 发表于 2012-1-5 21:07

小陈发表于 2012-1-5 18:04

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五瓣的：

陈老为银花，老土为银叶，陪衬一下，让陈老银上加银，为银上银{:soso_e144:}

LYP · 发表于 2012-1-5 22:08

我可谈不上是花匠，无论从哪个角度讲都如此，只不过是对中华优秀遗存CES兴趣多多。这些器物可称中华民族优秀银文化遗存，但至今有太多问题尚未搞清，这需要社会告界共同努力，但收藏者应首当其冲。

apsaras · 发表于 2012-1-5 22:21

这样一说我也觉得困惑了。会不会分别于 China Trade Silver 和 Chinese Export Silver? 还是把当时我翻译的原文抄上来。严老师可以带领我们分析一下吗？

Citations: Steve Potash's website

This silver, while known as Chinese Export Silver (CES), was not really made for export (as were the porcelains, ivories, fine silks, teas and furniture), as Dr. Crosby Forbes, Curator Emeritus for the Export Arts at the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, points out. The silver was commissioned or purchased by trading company officials, by sea captains calling at the treaty ports, and later by diplomats and other personnel visiting or stationed in China.

Students of this collecting field refer to Chinese Export Silver (CES), or "China Trade Silver," as a once-lost art. Why? Many 18th and 19th Century pieces were later inherited by generations of Americans, who presumed their silver to be of English or early-American manufacture.

It was only in the 1970s -- thanks to the scholarly research of H. A. Crosby Forbes, John Devereux Kernan and Ruth S. Wilkins, who co-authored Chinese Export Silver 1785 to 1885 (Milton, Massachusetts: Museum of the American China Trade, 1975), that scholars, collectors and dealers got an in-depth look at the range of Chinese Export Silver production that had been identified and studied in this country……………

the fact that China produced such extraordinary silver for Westerners during the China Trade period has long been one of the best-kept secrets in silver collecting.

Citations: Silver Magazine March/April 2002 page 26 by Dr. H.A. Crosby Forbes

…. The majority of pieces that come on the market today….. the largest stream of this silver came to light in the pantries and cupboards of descendants of American missionaries, business and military personnel, and wealthy tourists. Dating from the 1870s to the 1930s…. Americans who had visited or spent time in the more cosmopolitan foreign concessions….. soon learned that Chinese silversmiths’ work, given the relatively low cost of labor combined with the high quality of workmanship, was one of the best bargains in China. As a result, those who could afford it seldom returned home without acquiring some of this silver. Many examples still exist in California, Washington, and Oregon, where a considerable number of these so-called “old China hands” eventually settled in….

小陈 · 发表于 2012-1-5 23:17

我的翻译睡了，现在学三年大哥，贴图为乐
元宝扣－2.jpg

下面两图可点击放大

nutshell · 发表于 2012-1-5 23:27

小陈发表于 2012-1-5 12:23

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打纯中文标的西式银器数量很多，晚清民国的中国各大城市、通商口岸均有制造。除楼上神老所列3个之外，还有许 ...

陈老刘老所说的有许多类似：

老外定义的CES似乎排除了贸易成份。而实际上，一些文献记载了银器的贸易是普遍存在，尤其在广州，曾有数千人长期从事“洋装”银器和首饰的生产，规模化的产量，国内市场是难以消纳的。

贸易成分肯定是存在的，但这种外销方式可能与众不同，个人猜想觉得CES的外流渠道：
1、在华的洋人等采购运回本国的占比例不小
2、另外有一定数量的货物是香港商行直接向美国等无官方强制标准的国家的出口货（如陈老和神老所探讨，一些港行甚至在美有店铺）。当然这应在19世纪中晚期或更晚，香港没有沦为较重要的英国殖民地前，这种直接出口是几乎不可能的。
3、由国外公司直接进口回本国销售的占的比例则很低--带外国官方鉴定所款、税标的器物在CES中不多见。即便由美国商人进口到美国，不需要鉴定所标记，也至少应该有美国进口商的标记，但貌似没人见过……

正是由于第3条的原因，中国银器在近代参与国际贸易方式才引发国内外藏家的不断思考和探讨。